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[Solved] How to remove duplicate elements from Array in Java? Example

This is one of the common technical interview questions which are asked to entry-level programmers and software engineers. There are also a lot of variants of how do you remove duplicates from an array in Java, like sometimes the array is sorted, and other times it's not sorted or unsorted. Sometimes, the Interviewer just spends more than half of the interview on this question by progressively making it more difficult by imposing new constraints like removing duplicate elements in place or without using any additional data structure, etc.

[Solved] How to Print Alphabets in Upper and Lower Case in Java? Example Tutorial

Hello guys, if you are learning Java and looking for basic programming exercise to build your concepts then you have come to the right place. Earlier, I have shared 15 common Java programming exercises and today, you will learn one of them. One of the textbook exercises to get started with any programming language is writing a program to print alphabets in both upper and lower case. This program allows you to explore the String class in Java with the toUpperCase() and toLowerCase() method but normally when you start, it's asked to do this without any API methods.

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How to Print Floyd's Triangle in Java - Example Tutorial

Hello guys, In the last article, I have taught you how to print Pascal's triangle and in today's article, I'll teach you how to print Floyd's triangle in the Java program. Floyd's triangle is easier to print than Pascal's triangle because you don't need to take care of formatting the numbers as Floyd's triangle is a right-angle triangle. It is named after American computer scientist Robert Floyd, who has also contributed Floyd–Warshall algorithm, which efficiently finds all shortest paths in a graph, and Floyd's cycle-finding algorithm for detecting cycles in a sequence. 

Matrix Multiplication in Java using Scanner, Class, and Function [Example]

Hello guys, if you are looking for a matrix multiplication example in Java using the scanner for user input, and using class and object-oriented programming then you have come to the right place. In this Java tutorial, I will show you how to multiply matrix in Java using an array, scanner, and object-oriented programming. We will create a class to represent matrix and then define a multiplication method to multiply two matrices in Java. I first learned about matrix in class 12th and I first wrote the program to multiply two matrices on my first semester of engineering, so, when I thought about this program, It brings a lot of memories from the past. 

How to check is given String is a Palindrome in Java using Recursion

In this tutorial, you will learn how to check if a string is a palindrome in Java using Recursion. A String is nothing but a collection of characters like "Java," and String literals are encoded in double-quotes in Java. A String is said to be a palindrome if the reverse of String is equal to itself like "aba" is a palindrome because the opposite of "aba" is also "aba", but "abc" is not a palindrome because the reverse of "abc" is "cba" which is not equal. Recursion means solving a problem by writing a function which calls itself. In order to check if String is a palindrome in Java, we need a function that can reverse the String.

How to Reverse String in Java with or without StringBuffer Example

Reverse String in Java
There are many ways to reverse a given String in Java. For example, you can use rich Java API to quickly reverse the contents of any String object. Java library provides StringBuffer and StringBuilder class with the reverse() method which can be used to reverse String in Java. Since converting between String and StringBuffer or StringBuilder is very easy it's the easiest way available to reverse String in Java. But, in a coding interview, you may not be allowed to use the JDK API methods to solve this problem. That's why, writing a Java program to reverse String in Java without StringBuffer is one of the popular Java String interview questions, which requires you to reverse String by applying logic and by not using API methods.

How to Remove all adjacent duplicates characters from String in java? Example Tutorial

Hello guys, if you are wondering how to remove adjacent repeated characters or duplicates from a given String in Java then you have come to the right place. In the last article, we have seen how to find duplicate characters as well as how to remove duplicate characters from String in Java, and in this article, we will take that topic to another level and remove adjacent duplicates from given String. This topic gives another perspective to removing duplicates in a word or phrase. Probably before now, you are familiar with removing duplicates from a word or phrase, or number. But this topic gives a detailed understanding of how to remove adjacent duplicates. 

How to Perform Binary Tree InOrder traversal in Java using Recursion? Example Tutorial

The InOrder traversal is one of the three popular ways to traverse a binary tree data structure, the other two being the preOrder and postOrder. During the in-order traversal algorithm, the left subtree is explored first, followed by root, and finally nodes on the right subtree. You start traversal from root then go to the left node, then again go to the left node until you reach a leaf node. At that point in time, you print the value of the node or mark it visited and move to the right subtree. Continuing the same algorithm until all nodes of the binary tree are visited. The InOrder traversal is also known as the left-node-right or left-root-right traversal or LNR traversal algorithm.

How to Find Square Root of a Number in Java [Solved] - Example Tutorial

Java program for a square root or a number in Java
How to write a Java program to find the square root of a number is a common Java programming exercise that many institutes use in their Java course along with Java program to print Fibonacci series and How to find Armstrong numbers in Java, which we have seen earlier.  Java program for the square root is also a popular question during college semester exams and various programming tests. 

How to implement Binary Tree PreOrder Traversal in Java without Recursion? [Solved] Example Tutorial

This is my second article on how to implement binary tree pre-order traversal in Java. In the first part, I have shown how to traverse a binary tree with a pre-order traversal algorithm using Recursion, and in this article, you will learn how to implement pre-order traversal without using Recursion. You might be thinking that why do you need to learn the iterative solution if a recursive solution is possible and easy to write? Well, this type of question is mostly asked in Programming Job interviews and Interviewers like to see how comfortable a candidate is with both Recursion as well as using other data structures and iteration.

[Solved] 3 Examples to reverse an Array in Java - Example Tutorial

Hello guys, today we are going to see another common coding question from interviews - how do you reverse an array in Java? This is a popular array-based coding problem and often asked programmers during the first few rounds of interviews to check if they can code or not. Well, there are multiple ways to solve this problem and we will see three common ways to ever an array in Java. This method applies to all kinds of arrays like string array or integer array or even with arrays of objects because it's not focused on data types. The first way to reverse an array is by reversing it in a brute force way, without using any additional data structure or library method. 

How to Find Even and Odd Number in Java - Program Tutorial Example

Even and Odd number check Java Example
There are many ways to find if a number is even or odd in Java but before moving into technical details on finding even and odd numbers in Java let's what is even and odd numbers in terms of Mathematics. Any number which is completely divisible by 2 is called an even number while a number that is not completely divisible by 2 is called an odd number. If you think in terms of remainder then in the case of even number, the remainder is zero while in the case of odd number remainder will be 1. zero is considered as an even number in maths. 

How to Count number of 1s (Set Bits) in a binary number in Java [Solved]

Good morning folks, In today's article, we are going to discuss one of the frequently asked bit manipulation-based interview questions, how do you count the number of set bits in a given bit sequence?  Bit Manipulation is an important topic in programming interviews and a good programmer should have sufficient knowledge and skill to work with binary numbers. This kind of question tests the skill of the programmer. Sometimes, it is also asked as to how to count the number of 1s (ones) in a given number? Both are the same question because 1 is also known as set bit.  For example, if the given input is 1000110010 then your program should return 4, as three are only four set bits in this bit sequence.

How to Print Pyramid Pattern in Java? Program Example

Pattern based exercises are a good way to learn nested loops in Java. There are many pattern based exercises and one of them is printing Pyramid structure as shown below:


* * 
* * * 
* * * * 
* * * * * 

You need to write a Java program to print the above pyramid pattern. How many levels the pyramid triangle would have will be decided by the user input. You can print this kind of pattern by using print() and println() method from System.out object. System.out.print() just prints the String or character you passed to it, without adding a new line, useful to print stars in the same line. 

Top 5 Courses to learn UML for Software Design and Development in 2025 - Best of Lot

Hello friends, we are here again today for another exciting topic to discuss. But, today we are not gonna discuss something which is related to Java or any other language or spring boot. Today we are gonna discuss something which is immensely practical and very important skill if you want to grow as programmer and become a tech lead or Software architecture. Yes, you guessed it right, today we are going to talk about UML (Unified Modeling Language). Modeling is a process to communicate your design which is in your mind to other people in your team like developers, architect via diagram. This is one of the most important skill if you want to become Software architect in 2025

My Favorite Courses to learn React.js in Depth in 2025 - Best of Lot

Hello guys, if you want to learn React.js in 2025 and looking for the best resources like books, online courses, tutorials, and guides, then you have come to the right place. In the past, I have shared the best free React.js courses, best React books, websites, projects, and even a complete React.js Developer RoadMap and in this article, I am going to share the best online courses to learn React.js in 2025.  You've come to the correct spot if you're a web developer or someone who is passionate about web development and want to learn React or React JS, a popular JavaScript framework for developing a component-based user interface.

Top 10 Free Git Courses for Programmers and DevOps in 2025 - Best of Lot

Hello guys, there is no doubt that Git is one of the most essential tool and skill for every programmer and Software developer. Gone are the days where different companies uses different version control like SVN, CVS, or TFS, now almost every company uses Git which has become the standard source repository and version control tool. That's why its important for every programmer to learn Git and it's not that easy. Git is a distributed version control system and there are things like remote repository, local repository, commit, pull, push, fetch, rebase, merge etc which can be confusing to many programmers and that's why I am going to share best free Git courses you can join to learn Git in 2025.

Top 5 Free Coursera Courses for SQL and Database in 2025 - Best of Lot [UPDATED]

Hello guys, if you want to learn SQL and Database and looking for best free resources like books, online courses and websites then you have come tot he right place. Earlier, I have shared best SQL courses, SQL books, and best websites to learn SQL and in this article, I am going to share best free SQL courses from Coursera, one of the best place to learn technical skill from world's top university and companies online. While many people are familiar with Coursera courses and certifications then don't know that most of the Coursera courses can be taken for free-to-audit where you can watch them for free without enrolling on specialization or professional certification. Only thing is you don't have access to quizzes and exercise sand you don't get certificate but you can still learn from worlds' top trainers and instructors. 

Top 6 Online Courses to Learn CSS, Flexbox, Grid, and Sass in 2025 - Best of Lot

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10 Best Coursera Web Development Courses and Projects for Beginners in 2025

Hello guys, if you are looking for the best web development courses and projects on Coursera to join in 2025, you have come to the right place. Earlier, I have shared the best Coursera courses to learn about Cloud Computing,  Software Development, and Data Science. Today, I will share the best Coursera courses and projects one can join to learn Full-stack Development and essential web development skills to become a professional web developer in 2025. The best thing about these Coursera courses and projects is that you can join them with Coursera Plus, which means you don't need to buy them individually. If you have a Coursera Plus subscription, you can enter all these courses without extra cost. 

Top 20 Machine Learning Libraries for AI Engineers in 2025 - Best of Lot

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Top10 Platforms for Freelance Writing and Earning Money in 2025 - Best of Lot

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In this article, we will introduce you to 10 platforms that can help you earn money as a freelance writer. Whether you are a beginner looking for your first writing gig or an experienced writer looking for new opportunities, these platforms have something to offer.

How to call REST API an send HTTP GET and POST Request using cURL command in Linux? Example Tutorial

The curl or cURL command of Linux is a compelling and versatile command which allows you to send sophisticated HTTP requests right from your Linux command line window. You can use the cURL command to test your RESTful Web Services by sending GET and POST requests, doing authentication, saving a cookie in the file, etc. The curl command is, in fact, the go-to tool for many Java and Spring developers working in web applications and consuming data from the secured RESTful Web Services. Still, you can also use it to test your simple REST Web APIs without security. I have used it many times to check if our Web service is up or not, or is there any error while accessing those services.

Top 10 Courses to Learn Artificial Intelligence for Beginners in 2025 - Best of Lot

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What is Payload in REST API? How to send Payload using HTTP Post Request and HttpClient

Hello and welcome to the blog post. In this comprehensive article we are going to take a look at an interesting topic. I’m sure you all are familiar with client-server architecture. If not let me recap it quickly for you. 

A Client is a machine (or a web-browser) that request for desired results from the  server. In other words, clients initiate requests for services or resources, while servers provide those services or resources upon request. The client-server model forms the foundation of many networked applications and systems, where clients and servers communicate and collaborate to fulfill various tasks and deliver services.

What is a Payload?

When a client sends a request to a server, the payload typically contains the data or parameters required by the server to process the request. For example, in a client-server architecture for a web application, the payload of an HTTP request sent by the client may include parameters for a form submission, JSON data for an API request, or a file to be uploaded.

On the server side, when the server sends a response back to the client, the payload contains the data or information requested by the client. This can include HTML content, JSON responses, file attachments, or any other data relevant to the specific request made by the client.

Payload in REST API

The information supplied in the body of an HTTP request is referred to as a payload in the RESTful API architecture. It represents the data that is being sent from the client to the server or the other way around. Depending on the content type supplied in the request headers, the payload may be in one of several forms, including JSON, XML, or plain text.

The payload carries the necessary data required to perform operations on the server or to retrieve specific resources. For example, when creating a new resource, the payload would typically contain the data that needs to be stored on the server. When updating an existing resource, the payload would include the modified data.

What is an HttpClient? 

HttpClient is a powerful Java package that offers quick and efficient way for submitting HTTP requests and receiving server responses. Starting with Java 11, it is a part of the Java SE standard library and offers a comprehensive API for interacting with HTTP-based services.

HttpClient's main objective is to make it easier for client applications to communicate with RESTful APIs, web services, and other HTTP-based endpoints. The low-level aspects of creating and managing connections, dealing with request and response bodies, modifying headers, controlling timeouts, and dealing with redirection are abstracted away.

You can perform various HTTP operations like GET, POST, PUT, DELETE by using HttpClient. It supports both synchronous and asynchronous request processing and offers a number of configuration options for customization.

Let’s take an example on how to send a POST request to REST API using HttpClient

import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;

import java.net.URI;

import java.net.http.HttpClient;

import java.net.http.HttpRequest;

import java.net.http.HttpResponse;

import java.net.http.HttpHeaders;

import java.net.http.HttpResponse.BodyHandlers;


public class HttpClientExample {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

        // Create an instance of HttpClient

        HttpClient httpClient = HttpClient.newHttpClient();


        // Define the URL of the REST API endpoint

        String url = "http://api.example.com/users";


        // Create a User object

        User user = new User("John Doe", 30);


        // Serialize the User object to JSON

        ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();

        String requestBody = objectMapper.writeValueAsString(user);


        // Build the HTTP request

        HttpRequest request = HttpRequest.newBuilder()

                .uri(URI.create(url))

                .header("Content-Type", "application/json")

                .POST(HttpRequest.BodyPublishers.ofString(requestBody))

                .build();


        // Send the request and receive the response

        HttpResponse<String> response = httpClient.send(request, BodyHandlers.ofString());


        // Extract the User object from the response

        String responseBody = response.body();

        User responseUser = objectMapper.readValue(responseBody, User.class);


        // Print the response User object

        System.out.println("Response User: " + responseUser);

    }

}


class User {

    private String name;

    private int age;


    // Constructors, getters, and setters


    @Override

    public String toString() {

        return "User{" +

                "name='" + name + '\'' +

                ", age=" + age +

                '}';

    }

}


In this example, we have a User class representing the user object. We use the ObjectMapper from the Jackson library to serialize the User object to JSON format. 

We then create an HttpRequest object with the necessary details, including the URI, headers (in this case, "Content-Type" is set to "application/json"), and the request body containing the serialized User object. 

After sending the request using httpClient.send(), we receive the response as an HttpResponse object. We extract the response body as a JSON string. 

Finally, we deserialize the response JSON string back into a User object using objectMapper.readValue(). The resulting User object represents the response payload, which we can use as needed.


Sending Payload to REST API using HTTP POST Request and HttpClient in Java

import java.net.URI;

import java.net.http.HttpClient;

import java.net.http.HttpRequest;

import java.net.http.HttpResponse;

import java.net.http.HttpHeaders;

import java.net.http.HttpEntity;

import java.net.http.HttpHeaders;

import java.net.http.HttpRequest.BodyPublishers;

import java.net.http.HttpResponse.BodyHandlers;


public class HttpClientExample {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

        HttpClient httpClient = HttpClient.newHttpClient();


        String jsonPayload = "{\"name\": \"Someone \", \"email\": \"someone@example.com\"}";


        HttpRequest request = HttpRequest.newBuilder()

                .uri(URI.create("http://example.com/api/resource"))

                .header("Content-Type", "application/json")

                .POST(BodyPublishers.ofString(jsonPayload))

                .build();


        HttpResponse<String> response = httpClient.send(request, BodyHandlers.ofString());


        int statusCode = response.statusCode();

        String responseBody = response.body();


        System.out.println("Status Code: " + statusCode);

        System.out.println("Response Body: " + responseBody);

    }

}


In the example above, we create a JSON payload using a sample data object. We set the HTTP method to POST, the request URL to "http://example.com/api/resource", and the content type to "application/json". The payload is then sent in the body of the request using the BodyPublishers.ofString() method. 

Finally, we retrieve and handle the response from the server.

Remember to replace "http://example.com/api/resource" with the actual endpoint URL of the REST API you want to send the payload to, and modify the payload data according to your requirements and the API's expected format.

Let me show you how to send other types of payloads from the following example.


1) Sending a Form-UrlEncoded Payload


import java.net.URI;

import java.net.http.HttpClient;

import java.net.http.HttpRequest;

import java.net.http.HttpResponse;

import java.net.http.HttpHeaders;

import java.net.http.HttpEntity;

import java.net.http.HttpHeaders;

import java.net.http.HttpRequest.BodyPublishers;

import java.net.http.HttpResponse.BodyHandlers;

import java.net.URLEncoder;

import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;


public class HttpClientExample {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

        HttpClient httpClient = HttpClient.newHttpClient();


        String payload = "name=" + URLEncoder.encode("John Doe", StandardCharsets.UTF_8)

                + "&email=" + URLEncoder.encode("johndoe@example.com", StandardCharsets.UTF_8);


        HttpRequest request = HttpRequest.newBuilder()

                .uri(URI.create("http://example.com/api/resource"))

                .header("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded")

                .POST(BodyPublishers.ofString(payload))

                .build();


        HttpResponse<String> response = httpClient.send(request, BodyHandlers.ofString());


        int statusCode = response.statusCode();

        String responseBody = response.body();


        System.out.println("Status Code: " + statusCode);

        System.out.println("Response Body: " + responseBody);

    }

}


In this example, we are sending a form-urlencoded payload to the REST API endpoint "http://example.com/api/resource". The payload contains two fields, name and email, which are URL-encoded using the URLEncoder.encode() method. The Content-Type header is set to "application/x-www-form-urlencoded".



2) Sending a Plain Text Payload


import java.net.URI;

import java.net.http.HttpClient;

import java.net.http.HttpRequest;

import java.net.http.HttpResponse;

import java.net.http.HttpHeaders;

import java.net.http.HttpEntity;

import java.net.http.HttpHeaders;

import java.net.http.HttpRequest.BodyPublishers;

import java.net.http.HttpResponse.BodyHandlers;


public class HttpClientExample {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

        HttpClient httpClient = HttpClient.newHttpClient();


        String textPayload = "This is a plain text payload.";


        HttpRequest request = HttpRequest.newBuilder()

                .uri(URI.create("http://example.com/api/resource"))

                .header("Content-Type", "text/plain")

                .POST(BodyPublishers.ofString(textPayload))

                .build();


        HttpResponse<String> response = httpClient.send(request, BodyHandlers.ofString());


        int statusCode = response.statusCode();

        String responseBody = response.body();


        System.out.println("Status Code: " + statusCode);

        System.out.println("Response Body: " + responseBody);

    }

}


In this example, we are sending a plain text payload to the REST API endpoint "http://example.com/api/resource". The payload simply contains the text "This is a plain text payload." The Content-Type header is set to "text/plain" to indicate that the payload is in plain text format.



Summary 

In summary, sending a payload to a REST API using an HTTP POST request and HttpClient in Java involves creating an HTTP request with the desired payload, specifying the necessary headers, and sending the request using the HttpClient instance. The server will process the payload and provide a response, which can be accessed and utilized accordingly.


20 Examples of Git Commands in Linux and Windows

Version control is crucial in software development, and Git stands out as a powerful tool for managing source code. Whether you're working in a Linux or Windows environment, understanding Git commands is essential. This article explores 20 fundamental Git commands, demonstrating their application and significance. From initializing a repository to handling branches and commits, each command plays a pivotal role in maintaining a well-organized and collaborative development workflow. Whether you're a seasoned developer or a newcomer, mastering these Git commands will enhance your ability to track changes, collaborate seamlessly, and contribute effectively to software projects.

Is Frontend Master Worth It?

Frontend development has been growing rapidly in the last few years, as web applications have become more complex and interactive. Frontend Master is an online platform that provides courses and tutorials to learn front-end development. However, with so many resources available on the internet, it's difficult to know whether Frontend Master is worth investing your time and money. In this article, we'll take a closer look at what Frontend Master has to offer and whether it's worth the investment.

5 Free Oracle and Microsoft SQL Server Online Courses [2025] - Best of lot

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Top 5 Free Servlet, JSP, Java FX, and JDBC Courses for Java Web Developers in 2025 - Best of Lot

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Top 6 Dynamic Programming Online Courses for Coding Interviews in 2025 - Best of Lot

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5 Free Online Courses to Learn Kotlin in 2025 - Best of Lot

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Top 6 Free Courses to Learn Bootstrap Online for Beginners in 2025 - Best of Lot

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6 Best Free AZ-900 Azure Fundamentals Courses for Beginners to Learn Online in 2025

Hello guys, if you are preparing for the AZ-900 certification or Azure Fundamentals exam in 2025, one of the best certifications to start a cloud computing career, and looking for free online courses to start your preparation, then you have come to the right place. In the past, I have shared both free and paid courses to learn AWS, Azure, and Google Cloud and the best AZ-900 courses and practice tests, and today, I am going to share the best free AZ-900 courses to pass the Azure Fundamentals exam. If you are thinking of learning Cloud Computing and Microsoft Azure platform, this is the best cloud certification. 

Top 5 Solidity courses for Beginners to Learn in 2025 - Best of Lot

Hello friends, we are here again today for another exciting topic to discuss. But, today, we are not gonna discuss something related to Java or any other language or spring boot. Today we are gonna discuss something which is immensely practical and has the potential to land you very high paying jobs. Today, we are going to take a look at the best available Solidity courses online.

Top 10 NFT, Metaverse, and Web3 Courses on Udemy for Beginners in 2025 - Best of Lot

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Why Programmers and Developers Should Learn Docker in 2025?

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12 Must Read Advance Java Books for Intermediate Programmers - Part 1

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Hello guys, if you want to learn Data Analytics and looking for best online courses and tutorials then you have come to the right place. In the past I have shared best Data Science Courses and things a Data Scientist should learn and in this article, I am going to share best online courses to learn Data Analytics. The list includes best Data Analytics courses from Udemy, Coursera, Pluralsight, and other popular online learning platform. They are taught by experts and they are also the most comprehensive and up-to-date resources to learn Data Analytics in 2025. 

10 Best Udemy Courses of Colt Steele for Web Developers in 2025

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10 Best Udemy Courses of Tim Buchalaka for Java and Python Programmers in 2025

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10 Best Udemy Courses Of Rob Percival to Learn Python, JavaScript and Tech skills in 2025

Helo guys, if you are looking for best online courses by Rob Percvial, one of the Udemy's top instructor to learn web development, Python, JavaScript, and Node.js then you have come to the right place. In the past, I have shared best online courses by Jose Portilla, Stephen GriderMaximillian SchwarzMuller, Stephane Maarek and Brad Traversy and in this article, I am going to share best online course by Ro Percival, one of the top Udemy instructor and my favorite. But, before we start with the 10 best Udemy courses from Rob Percival, let me tell you who Rob is.

Top 5 courses for Google Cloud Professional Network Engineer Certification in 2025

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Top 5 Courses To Learn ASP .NET Framework for Beginners 2025 - Best of Lot

Hello guys, if you want to learn the .NET framework and platform and looking for the best resources like books, online courses, and tutorials then you have come to the right place. Earlier, I have shared the best free C-Sharp courses and in this article, I am going to share the best online courses to learn .NET for Beginners. If you don't know, .NET is the second most popular platform for application development after Java, and it's used widely across domains including investment banks. These are truly the best resources to learn and master .NET in 2025. 

Top 5 Courses to Learn Perl Scripting in 2025 - Best of Lot

Hello everyone, today I'm going to talk about Perl, a very strong text processing programming language. While writing a Perl script to create a report from log files ten years ago, I first encountered Perl. At the time, I knew that Perl was unrivaled when it came to string and text processing. It has a number of helpful data structures and facilities, making loading data from files and processing data easier than with any other programming language. Knowing a programming language like Python or Perl may tremendously help a senior developer because scripting is such a vital skill.

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Top 6 Online Course to Learn React.js with Hooks Beginners in 2025 - Best of Lot

Hello guys, if you want to learn React hooks and looking for the best React hooks courses then you cha come to the right place. Earlier, I have shared free React courses, books, and websites to learn and master React.js, and today, I am going to share the best React Hooks courses to deep dive and learn hooks in depth. React is a revolutionary front-end JavaScript library. It is free. Open-source and can be used for building user interfaces and other UI components. Most software developers use React as a base for developing mobile applications. 

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Hello friends! Today we are gonna review some of the best courses available for learning Haskell. So, are you guys wondering what is Haskell or where is it used. Do not worry, let's have a brief point on that.  Haskell is a language of programming that is solely functional. It's a general-purpose, statically typed language. In Haskell, all programs are expressed as mathematical operations with no side effects. It is mostly utilized in academics and research. You all must be wondering what does a Haskell developer gets in compensation and how's the demand. Remember that candidates for this position can expect to earn anywhere from $140,000 to $190,000, with a median pay of $170,000. And of course, that's just the beginning. 

Top 5 PowerPoint Courses for IT Professionals in 2025 - Best of Lot

Creating appealing graphics is an important part of giving a successful presentation. You need to deliver images that are clear and easy to grasp whether you're working on a new or old project. Beautiful visuals should be used in your presentation to keep your audience interested. That is why taking online classes on Microsoft Power Point is so important for improving your abilities. Microsoft PowerPoint is a widely used presentation software developed by Microsoft as part of the Microsoft Office suite. It allows users to create, edit, and display visually engaging slideshows that can incorporate text, images, graphics, animations, and multimedia elements.

Top 5 Online Courses to Learn Express.js in 2025 - Best of Lot

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5 Best DP-900 Certification Courses and Practice Test for Azure Data Fundamentals Exam in 2025

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6 React.js Performance Tips Every Web Developer Should Learn

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Top 5 Programming languages for Backend development in 2025

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Hello guys, if you are preparing for Data Engineer or Data Scientist Interview then you must prepare for Mathematics and Statistics questions, and if you are looking for Maths and Statistics questions then you have come to the right place. In the past, I have shared multiple Data Science Interview Questions and Machine Learning Interview questions and in this article, I am going to share 20 Mathematics and Statistics questions which you can prepare for interview. If you have used Statistics and Maths recently then you are most likely to answer these questions but if you are not you can always join these Maths and Statistics courses to learn more about them and refresh you knowledge before interviews. 

Difference between Chef and Ansible in DevOps

Hello guys, Ansible and Chef are two popular configuration management tool which are very important in this world of DevOps. What is difference between Ansible, Chef, and Puppet is also a common questions for DevOps and senior Java developer who are also responsible for setting their server and installing application. Earlier, I have shared best DevOps Courses and best online courses to learn Ansible and Chef and in this article, we will go through the difference between two widely recognized configurations management tools used by DevOps engineers i.e. Chef and Ansible.

7 Free 1Z0-803 and 1Z0-804 Sample Questions - OCAJP 7 and OCPJP 7 Mock Exams (Oracle Certified Associate Java SE 7 Programmer 1 and 2 )

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Top 5 OCPJP7 books for 1Z0-804 and 1Z0-805 Exam - Java SE 7 II Certification

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When to use PUT or POST in a RESTful API and Web Service? Answer

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What is Backend for front-end Pattern? How to use it?

  In the realm of microservices architecture, designing efficient communication between front-end applications and the back-end services is crucial. The Backend for Front-End (BFF) pattern has emerged as a useful architectural pattern to streamline this communication. In this article, we will delve into what the Backend for Front-End pattern is, its benefits, and how to effectively implement and utilize it in your microservices ecosystem.

What is Backend for front-end Pattern? How to use it?

The Backend for Front-End pattern, also known as BFF, is an architectural pattern that involves creating a specialized backend service for a specific front-end application or client. The purpose of this pattern is to decouple the front-end from the complexities and intricacies of the backend services, providing tailored APIs that align with the needs of the front-end.

By employing the BFF pattern, you create an intermediary layer that acts as a bridge between the front-end and the various backend services. This allows for improved flexibility, enhanced user experience, and optimized performance.

How to Use the Backend for Front-End Pattern


Identify the Front-End Application

Start by identifying the front-end application or client that will benefit from the BFF pattern. It can be a web application, mobile application, or any other consumer of the backend services.




Understand the Front-End Requirements

Work closely with the front-end development team to understand the specific requirements of the application. This includes the data and functionality needed, performance considerations, and any other factors that may impact the user experience.


Design the Backend for Front-End Service

Based on the front-end requirements, design a specialized backend service that acts as the BFF for the front-end application. This service will serve as an intermediary between the front-end and the backend services, encapsulating the necessary logic and communication.

Define Tailored APIs

The BFF service should expose a set of tailored APIs that are optimized for the front-end application's needs. These APIs should provide the required data in an efficient and convenient format, minimizing unnecessary round trips and reducing data transfer.

Aggregate Data and Handle Complexity

The BFF service should handle the complexity of interacting with multiple backend services. It can aggregate data from different services, orchestrate workflows, and transform or filter the data to meet the front-end's specific requirements. This helps in reducing the complexity and network overhead on the front-end side.

Optimize Performance

One of the key benefits of the BFF pattern is the ability to optimize performance. The BFF service can leverage caching mechanisms, pre-fetching of data, or implementing tailored data retrieval strategies to enhance response times and improve the overall user experience.



Maintain Separation of Concerns

While the BFF service acts as an intermediary between the front-end and the backend services, it's important to maintain separation of concerns. The BFF should not contain business logic or data manipulation that belongs to the backend services. Instead, it should focus on providing the necessary data and functionality required by the front-end.

Handle Security and Authorization

Ensure that the BFF service implements proper security measures to protect sensitive data and enforce appropriate authorization rules. This may involve authentication mechanisms, token-based access control, or integration with a central authentication service.

Evolve and Scale

As the front-end application evolves, the BFF service should also adapt accordingly. Monitor the usage patterns, performance metrics, and user feedback to continuously enhance and optimize the BFF service. Additionally, ensure that the BFF service is designed to be scalable and can handle increased traffic and load as the application grows.



Benefits of the Backend for Front-End Pattern


Improved Front-End Development Experience: The BFF pattern allows front-end developers to work with a specialized backend service that caters specifically to their needs. This results in a more streamlined development process, as the front-end team can focus on building the user interface without being hindered by backend complexities.

Enhanced Performance: By tailoring APIs and optimizing data retrieval and caching strategies, the BFF service can significantly improve the performance of the front-end application. This reduces latency, minimizes unnecessary data transfer, and provides a more responsive user experience.

Flexibility and Adaptability: The BFF pattern promotes flexibility by enabling the front-end application to evolve independently from the backend services. As requirements change or new features are introduced, the BFF service can be updated accordingly without impacting the existing backend services.

Simplified Backend Integration: The BFF service acts as a single point of integration for the front-end application, abstracting away the complexities of multiple backend services. This simplifies the integration process and reduces the coordination efforts required between the front-end and backend teams.

Security and Authorization Control: The BFF service can handle security concerns and enforce authorization rules specific to the front-end application. This allows for a centralized approach to security, ensuring that the appropriate authentication and authorization mechanisms are applied consistently.

Considerations for Using the Backend for Front-End Pattern


Increased Complexity: Implementing the BFF pattern introduces an additional layer of complexity to the overall architecture. It requires careful design and coordination between the front-end and backend teams to ensure smooth communication and maintain separation of concerns.

Potential Performance Bottlenecks: While the BFF pattern can improve performance, improper implementation or inadequate scalability measures can introduce performance bottlenecks. It is important to monitor and optimize the BFF service to ensure it can handle the expected load and traffic.

Maintenance and Versioning: As the front-end application evolves, the BFF service may require updates and maintenance. It is crucial to manage versioning and compatibility between the front-end and BFF service to prevent disruptions and ensure seamless upgrades.




Overlapping Functionality: Care must be taken to avoid duplicating functionality between the BFF service and backend services. It is essential to clearly define the responsibilities and boundaries of each component to avoid unnecessary redundancy or inconsistency.

Conclusion


The Backend for Front-End pattern provides a powerful approach to improving the interaction between front-end applications and backend services in a microservices architecture. By creating a specialized backend service tailored to the needs of the front-end, the BFF pattern enhances performance, simplifies integration, and promotes flexibility.

When implementing the BFF pattern, it is important to consider the specific requirements of the front-end application, design tailored APIs, optimize performance, and handle security and authorization effectively. By maintaining separation of concerns and continuously monitoring and optimizing the BFF service, you can create a robust and scalable architecture that enhances the development experience and delivers a seamless user experience.

Utilize the Backend for Front-End pattern as a valuable tool in your microservices ecosystem to bridge the gap between front-end applications and backend services, providing a streamlined and optimized communication channel.

Difference between Scala, Kotlin Java Programming

Hello guys, what is difference between Java, kotlin, and Scala is a common question from Java developers and new programmers who are learning these programming language for backend development. As a Java programmer and blogger, who has also worked extensively with Kotlin, I've often been asked about the differences between these two languages and how they compare to Java. While Java remains one of the most popular programming languages in use today, both Kotlin and Scala have gained significant traction in recent years, particularly in the realm of modern web development and microservices. 

10 Best Courses to Learn Freelancing in 2022 - Best of Lot

If you have been thinking of freelancing, don’t think any more but just make that move and get into it as soon as possible. I say this because freelancing is really helping many people in terms of providing a steady income for them. Many people are making it big in life just because of freelancing. It is an opportunity that put a smile on your face at any given time or always.  Before you get into it you have to really know what it is all about. 

Top 5 Free Python Courses with Certificate for Beginners in 2025

Python language nowadays becomes one of the most used languages among developers in different variety of industries from making a small program for automating your daily tasks to programming large web apps in large companies. It is a high-level language just like Java and easy to learn and can be mastered in a few months. I’ve collected the best online courses to take with a certificate of completion to showcase your employee and get more change being hired.

Top 5 Courses To Learn Kindle Self Publishing for eBook in 2025 - Best of Lot

Before I get to the 5 best courses that will teach you everything there is to know about Kindle self-publishing, let me tell you a little bit more about what self-publishing really is all about.  The self-publishing arm of Kindle, known as Kindle Direct Publishing, is a platform that allows authors to connect to millions of readers worldwide. It is very easy to create an author account, upload your book, and sell the paperback version, as well as your eBooks through Amazon. The key thing to remember is that you can do all of this without any setup cost.

Top 5 Courses For Snowpro Core Certification in 2025 - Best of Lot

Before we get to the 5 best courses that will teach you about snowflake certification, let me tell you what it really is. The Snowflake SnowPro Certification Exam covers all the features of SnowFlake in addition to the architectural principles and the best practices for implementing SnowFlake solutions. You should have a very good understanding of SnowFlake before attempting this exam. SnowFlake is basically a cloud-native platform that frees you to set up separate data warehouses and data lakes as well as allows you to secure data sharing across your organization. 

Top 5 SEO Courses on Udemy for 2025 - Best of Lot

Hello friends, we are here again today for another exciting topic to discuss. But, today we are not gonna discuss something which is related to Java or any other language or spring boot. Today we are gonna discuss something which is immensely practical and has the potential to land you very high paying jobs. Today we are gonna take a look at the best available SEO courses online.

How to Print Prime Numbers from 1 to 100 in Java [Solved]

Hello guys, today, I'll share with you a simple problem of writing a Java program to print prime numbers up to a given number like saying prime numbers from 1 to 100. It's one of the most common coding exercises for programmers learning in Java, as it gives you an opportunity to learn more about the essential operators in Java Programming. The key here is that you cannot use a library function which can simplify your job, you need to devise the algorithm for checking prime number by yourself. One of the most popular algorithms for generating prime is Sieve of Eratosthenes,  which we have discussed earlier, but in this post, we will take a simpler approach.

How to count a number of words in given String in Java? [Solved]

Can you write a method in Java that accepts a String argument and returns a number of words in it? A word is a sequence of one or more non-space characters i.e. any character other than '' (empty String). This should be your method signature:

public int count(String word);

This method should return 1 if the input is "Java" and return 3 if the input is "Java, C++, Python". Similarly a call to wordCount("    ") should return 0. 

5 Best Udemy Courses to Learn Spring Framework in 2025

For all the Java developers landing on this blog, you are on the right page! For all who wanna transform, you too are also on the right page. Today we are gonna review a few of the best courses available in the market for the learning world's one of the most famous frameworks ever made, the Spring framework! The Spring Framework is a Java platform application framework and inversion of the control container. Any Java program may utilize the framework's fundamental capabilities, however, there are extensions for creating web apps on top of the Java EE platform.

5 Best Udemy Courses to Learn Hibernate in 2025

Hello there, if you're seeking the greatest Hibernate and JPA online courses in 2021, you've come to the correct spot. Hibernate ORM is a Java programming language object-relational mapping tool. It provides a framework for translating a relational database to an object-oriented domain model. It's an object-relational mapping (ORM) tool or platform that lets you deal just with objects while Hibernate takes care of your data. You may utilize the Hibernate framework in your project instead of developing classes using SQL to load, store, and update data using the DAO design pattern.


So, let's take a look at some f the best courses available in the market to learn Hibernate.




    5 Best Hibernate courses on Udemy in 2025

    Here are the best Udemy courses you can join to Learn Hibernate in depth. I highly recommend them to Java developers who want to upskill themselves in 2024 to 2205. 

    1. Java Persistence: Hibernate and JPA Fundamentals[UDEMY]


    rating: 4.5 out of 5
    duration: 10 hours
    instructor: Deshraj Singh Kiran
    price: $42

    This is the course for you if you're a Java programmer who wants to master Hibernate and JPA principles as well as some advanced subjects in Java Persistence with Hibernate.

    Hibernate 4.3.5. Final (and applicable updates for Hibernate 5.0) will be covered in this course, as well as how to utilize Hibernate as a JPA provider.

    You'll also study the principles of object/relational mapping, querying, cache performance, and concurrency, as well as some advanced JPA capabilities.

    The principles of Object/Relational Mapping, Querying, Caching, Performance, and Concurrency, as well as certain advanced JPA capabilities.

    The basics of First and Second Level Caching, N+1 Selects Problem & Batch Fetching, Optimistic Locking & Versioning, and Optimistic Locking & Versioning Entity Relationships, Inheritance Mapping, and Polymorphic Queries: The Basics





    2. High-Performance Java Persistence - Mach 1[Vlad Mihalcea]

    rating: 4.5 out of 5
    duration: 4 hours
    instructor: Vlad Mihalcea
    price: $99

    When you already know Hibernate and JPA and want to push your understanding of Hibernate and JPA to the next level, I recommend checking out @Vlad Mihalcea's High-Performance Java Persistence with Hibernate.

    Vlad is a Java Champion and one of the most active Hibernate ORM project committers, whose goal is to better understand the inner workings of databases and frameworks in order to improve corporate system performance.

    The following are some of the topics covered in this course:

    Best practices for logging, testing, and schema management
    Modeling of data (types, identifiers, entity mappings, inheritance)
    Processing in batches (Persistence Context Management, batch updates, bulk updates)
    Obtaining the finest techniques
    Controlling transactions and concurrency
    Best practices are being archived.

    Finally, you'll learn about sophisticated features like caching and interceptors, which are essential for experienced Java programmers. I strongly advise experienced Java developers to take this advanced Hibernate course.






    3. Hibernate and Java Persistence API (JPA) Fundamentals[UDEMY]

    rating: 4.6 out of 5
    duration: 7.5 hours
    instructor: Infinite skills
    price: $42


    This is another excellent course for learning the fundamentals of Hibernate and JPA. Object-relational mapping and Hibernate concepts are covered in this online training course.

    The basics of mapping annotations, mapping composite, and collection types, and entity relationships will be covered after that. Hibernate API, JPA API, complex mapping and settings, and criteria API are all covered in this video tutorial.

    The Hibernate query language and Java Persistence query language will also be covered, which allow you to express SQL in a database vendor-independent manner.





    4. Master Hibernate and JPA with Spring Boot in 100 Steps[UDEMY]


    rating: 4.5 out of 5
    duration: 13 hours
    instructor: In28Minutes
    price: $45


    This is a hands-on course that uses Spring and Spring Boot to teach the principles of the Java Persistence API (JPA) and the Hibernate framework. Entities, Relationships, Inheritance Mappings, and Annotations are the fundamentals of JPA and Hibernate.

    It also delves into JPA and Hibernates Relationships — One to One, Many to One, and Many to Many — as well as several techniques of querying data with JPA and Hibernate, including JPQL, Criteria API, and Native Queries.

    You'll also learn about caching and how to use Hibernate to tune the speed of your JPA application — Solve N+1 Queries Issues.






    5. Hibernate Fundamentals: Hands-On Primer With Java EE & JPA[UDEMY]


    rating: 3.8 out of 5
    duration: 3 hours
    instructor: Syez raza
    price: $45

    Another good online Hibernate training course is this one, which gives a thorough introduction to Hibernate and the notion of Object Relational Mapping (ORM).

    You'll also learn how to develop Java apps that link to a relational database using Hibernate.

    The course also covers the most important JPA annotations for mapping classes to relational models. In a nutshell, you'll learn how to use Hibernate to install, set up, and develop Java apps.

    You will learn some of the best things in hibernate and the list is as follows:

    Learn all there is to know about Hibernate and why it is so important.
    Create a Java application from the ground up in the Hibernate environment.
    Hibernate and SQL tools must be installed and configured.
    Create a Java class for persistence.
    The Hibernate XML Mapping File must be created.
    Create an XML configuration file for Hibernate.
    Access to the MyPHPadmin back-end database and test the application.





    Conclusion:
    That's all about the best Udemy courses to learn Hibernate in 2025. I highly recommend them for Java developers. So we have reviewed some of the best Hibernate courses available in the market. Decide on your own will and jump into the ocean of Hibernate and Java!