Tuesday, May 28, 2024

Can You Override static method in Java? Method Hiding Example

Can we override the static method in Java?
This is one of the most popular Java interview questions. The answer to this question is No, you cannot override the static method in Java because the method overriding is based upon dynamic binding at runtime and static methods are bonded using static binding at compile time. This means static methods are resolved even before objects are created, that's why it's not possible to override static methods in Java. Though you can declare a method with the same name and method signature in the subclass which does look like you can override static methods in Java but in reality that is method hiding. 

Method overriding is an object-oriented concept that is based upon method resolution at runtime depending upon which object is calling the method rather than which class variable is holding the reference. 

Java won't resolve the static method call at runtime and depending upon the type of object which is used to call static methods, the corresponding method will be called. 

It means if you use Parent class's type to call a static method, original static will be called from a patent class, on the other hand, if you use Child class's type to call static methods, the method from child class will be called. 

In short, you can not override the static method in Java. If you use Java IDE like Eclipse or NetBeans, they will show a warning that the static method should be called using class name and not by using object because a static method can not be overridden in Java. 




Overriding Static method in Java - Example

In the last section, you learn the theory that we can not override static methods in Java, the static method can only be hidden in sub-class. Also, don't get confused between overloading and overriding as you can overload a static method in Java but you cannot override it.  


Let's see an example to test that theory which says you can not override static method in Java.

/**
 *
 * Java program which demonstrates that
 * you can not override static methods in Java.
 * Had Static method can be overridden,
 * with Superclass type and subclass object
 * static method from subclass would be called in our example,
 * this is not the case.
 * 
 * @author Javin Paul
 */

public class CanWeOverrideStaticMethod {
 
    public static void main(String args[]) {
     
        Screen scrn = new ColorScreen();
     
        //if we can  override the static method in Java then
        // this should call the method from Child class

        //IDE like Eclipse or IDEA will show a warning,
        //the static method should be called from the class name

        scrn.show();
     
    } 
 
}

class Screen{
 
    /*
     * public static method which can not be overridden in Java
     */

    public static void show(){
        System.out.printf("The static method from parent class");
    }
}

class ColorScreen extends Screen{
    /*
     * static method of the same name and method signature
     * as existed in super
     * class, this is not method overriding instead this is called
     * method hiding in Java
     */

    public static void show(){
        System.err.println("Overridden static method
                 in Child Class in Java"
);
    }
}

Output:
The static method from the parent class


Can we override static method in JavaThis output confirms that you can not override the static method in Java and the static method is bonded at compile-time, based upon the type or class information and not based upon actual Object which is created at runtime. That's why static methods are also called "class methods" in Java because they belong to the class and not object.

Had the static method been overridden, the method from the Child class of ColorScreen would have been called, which wasn't the case here.

That's all on discussion Can we override the static method in Java or not. We have confirmed that no, you can not override a static method, we can only hide the static method in Java. Creating a static method with the same name and method signature is called Method hiding in Java.


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12 comments:

  1. This explanation also clear this line-
    "Polymorphic method invocations apply only to overridden instance methods."

    ReplyDelete
  2. Javin Paul created a new blog on java..Coool.I love the way you write

    ReplyDelete
  3. is it possible to override main method in Java ? Since main method is static in Java, it looks we can not override main in Java but what will happen if I use varargs version of main method in Super class and String[] version of main method in SubClass, which main method will be invoked ?

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. For your question "if I use varargs version of main method in Super class and String[] version of main method in SubClass, which main method will be invoked ? ",
      When you take different arguments in your method, irrespective of whether it is main() or some other method,it is called method "overloading", not overriding.

      Delete
  4. good blog.........

    ReplyDelete
  5. but my program is overriding the static method. what wrong with it :-p
    static class SuperClass {

    public static void Static(){
    System.out.println("parent");
    }
    }

    static class SubClass extends SuperClass{

    public static void Static(){
    System.out.println("child");
    }
    }

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. This program will not compile bcoz You can use static keyword only with ineer classes.

      Delete
    2. Absolutely right! Outer class can never be static in Java.

      @ AnonymousDecember 15, 2013 at 8:24 AM :

      Try the example that Javin explained but this time make the static methods as non static in both Screen and ColourScreen classes i.e. public void show(){.....}

      Rest of the things keep as they are and then see the output. It will give you:
      Overridden static method in Child Class in Java

      If you compare this o/p with the program o/p that Javin explained then you will see that overriding is not done in first case but in the second... :)
      Hope this helps,
      RaHuL

      Delete
  6. superb it helped me a lot
    thanks for providing the notes

    ReplyDelete
  7. When I have tested this issue on JAVA 8. We are able to override static and private methods.

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. Hi Unknown, can you please detail me what exactly did your do for overriding static method? Actually I wanted to override main is that possible in later versions of Java

      Delete
  8. public class StaticMethodOverriding {

    /**
    * @param args
    */
    public static void main(String[] args) {

    System.out.println(Toyota.enginePower());
    }

    }

    class Car {

    private int tyreSize = 20;
    private static int carEnginerPower = 3200;

    public int tyreSize() {
    return tyreSize;
    }

    public static int enginePower() {
    return carEnginerPower;
    }
    }

    class Toyota extends Car {

    private static int carEnginerPower = 4500;

    public static int enginerPower() {
    return carEnginerPower;
    }
    }
    The result of this program is 3200 which means as mentioned above "It means if you use Parent class's type to call a static method, original static will be called from a patent class, on the other hand, if you use Child class's type to call static methods, the method from child class will be called.

    Read more: https://www.java67.com/2012/08/can-we-override-static-method-in-java.html#ixzz8MZJKOO7K" . It is slightly wrong as we can override the static method as and above Java8

    ReplyDelete

Feel free to comment, ask questions if you have any doubt.