How to sort ArrayList in Java? Examples

Hello Java programmers, sorting ArrayList in Java is not difficult; there are multiple ways to sort a given ArrayList in Java. For example you can use  the Collections.sort() method to  sort ArrayList in ascending and descending order in Java. The  Collections.sort() the method optionally accepts a Comparator. If provided, it uses Comparators' compare() method to compare Objects stored in Collection to compare with each other; in case of no explicit Comparator, Comparable interfaces' compareTo() method is used to compare objects from each other. If objects stored in ArrayList don't implement Comparable, they can not be sorted using the Collections.sort() the method in Java.

What is final modifier in Java? fina class, method, and variable example

Hello Java Programmers, the final variable is a very important concept in Java. It's a modifier that you can apply on variables, methods, and classes and when you apply the final modifier it can make variables immutable, prevent the method from overriding in subclasses, means no polymorphism, and when you make a class final in Java it cannot be extended anymore, taking out Inheritance from the picture. There are both pros and cons of using the final modifier in Java and that's why it's very very important for a Java developer to have an in-depth knowledge of the final modifier in Java and that's what you will learn in this article. 

Best way to Convert Integer to String in Java with Example

Integer to String conversion in Java

There are many ways to convert an Integer to String in Java e.g. by using Integer.toString(int) or by using String.valueOf(int), or by using new Integer(int).toString(), or by using String.format() method, or by using DecimalFormat, String concatenation, or by using StringBuilder and StringBuffer, etc but which one is the best? Some of them we have already seen on my earlier posts e.g. how to convert int to String and converting double to String.  Well, we are going to find the best way to convert Integer to String in Java in this post. 

How to create a ZIP File in Java? ZipEntry and ZipOutputStream Compression Example

Since compressing and archiving old log files is an essential housekeeping job in any Java application environment, a Java programmer should know how to compress files in .zip format and then how to read them programmatically if required. The JDK provides full support to create and read ZIP files in Java. There is a separate package java.util.zip to hold all classes related to zipping and unzipping files and streams. In this series of articles, you will learn how to use those classes like ZipFile, ZipEntry, ZipInputStream, and ZipOutputStream, etc. 

How to add JAR files in Eclipse Project's Build path? Example

In this Java Eclipse tutorial, I will show you two ways to add external JAR files in Eclipse Java projects. Many times we need to use external JAR files in our Java application for different needs like for general purposes you may use Google Guava or Apache Commons. If you are using Spring or Hibernate framework then you need their JAR files as well. In order to use any third-party library or framework, we have to add their JAR files in the classpath, to compile and run our Java programs. Since Eclipse is the most popular IDE for developing Java applications, it's important to know how you can add external JARs into your Java project's build path. 

5 Tips to Fix Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError in Java, Examples

NoClassDefFoundError in Java
The Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError is a common error in Java that occurs if a ClassLoader cannot find a particular class in the classpath while trying to load it. The Exception in thread "main" suggests that this error has occurred in the main thread, the thread which is responsible for running the Java application. This error can occur to any thread, but if it happens in the main thread, then your program will crash because Java program runs only until main() thread is running or any other non-daemon thread is running. As per Javadoc, NoClassDefFoundError can be thrown during the linking or loading of the class file. 

14 Enum Interview Questions and Answers for 1 to 2 Years Experienced Java Programmers

Hello Java developers, Java Enum is one of the best features of Java Programming language which was first added on the JDK 1.5 Tiger release along with Generics, Autoboxing, and varargs. While the concept of Enum was also present in C Programming language, in Java its much more powerful. Enum in Java represents a fixed number of well-known things like the number of days in a week, the number of months in the calendar year, etc. Unlike C and C++ Enum in Java are much powerful and they are not an integer constant, Instead, Enum is a Type in Java like class or interface which provides compile-time type safety. In this Java Enum tutorial, we will see a couple of important points about Java Enum which help to understand Enum better and get the most out of it. 

How to convert String to char in Java? Example Tutorial

Hello Java Programmers, if you are wondering how to convert a String to char value in Java then you have come to the right place. Earlier, we have seen how to convert a character to String in Java and today we'll learn opposite i.e. converting String object to a character value. You know the difference right? String is an Object while char is a primitive value. So here we are also going to convert a Java object into a primitive value. By the way, this conversion only make sense if String is a single character. For example, you have a String with value "s", how do you convert that to a char 's' in Java (FYI, string literal are quoted inside double quotes in Java, like "c" and character literals are quoted inside single quotes e.g. 'c' in J)? Well, if you know, Java String is made of a character array and java.lang.String class provides a method toCharArray() to retrieve that character array.

How to get current TimeStamp value in Java? Example

Do you know that Java developer Google (now ask ChatGPT) for even the simplest of things? Yes, that's true and I can say it because even I do that :-). Finding the current timestamp value is one of them. In UNIX you can just use the date command to get the current date and time but how do you get that in your Java program? Well, you can get the current timestamp in Java by using the Date and Timestamp class of JDK. Note, there is "s" instead of "S" in Timestamp. Since Date in Java contains both date and time, it can be used as a Timestamp value as well but when you print Date, it shows time in the local timezone. 

5 Difference between String, StringBuffer, and StringBuilder in Java

Difference between String, StringBuffer, and StringBuilder is probably one of the oldest yet most popular interview question in the history of Java developer interviews. I have personally asked this question almost 4 to 5 times. You will find this question on any list of Java interview questions. I have also included this in my earlier list of core Java questions and Java String questions. If you are preparing for Java interviews, those are handy resources. Now coming back to the answer, although all three classes StringBuffer, StringBuilder, and String are used for representing text data in Java there are some significant differences between them. One of the most notable differences between StringBuilder, StringBuffer, and String in Java is that both StringBuffer and StringBuilder are Mutable classes but String is Immutable in Java. What this means is, you can add, remove or replace characters from StringBuffer and StringBuilder object but any change on the String object like converting uppercase to lowercase or appending a new character using String concatenation will always result in a new String object. 

Difference between include() and forward() methods of RequestDispatcher in Servlert

What is the difference between include and forward methods of RequestDispatcher interface is one of the frequently asked Servlet questions from Java EE interviews and we'll see how you can answer this question on your interview. You get the RequestDispatcher reference either from ServletContext or ServletRequest interface and even though both include() and forward() method allow a Servlet to interact with another servlet, the main difference between include() and forward is that the include() method is used to load the contents of the specified resource (could be a Servlet, JSP, or static resource like HTML files) directly into the Servlet's response, as if it is part of the calling Servlet. 

Base64 Encoding and Decoding Examples in Java 8 and Before

Though, there are a couple of ways to Base64 encode a String in Java e.g. by using Java 6's javax.xml.bind.DatatypeConverter#printBase64Binary(byte[]) or by using Apache Commons Codec's Base64.encodeBase64(byte[) and Base64.decodeBase64(byte[])as shown here, or the infamous Sun's internal base64 encoder and decoder, sun.misc.BASE64Encoder().encode() and sun.misc.BASE64Decoder().decode(), there was no standard way in JDK API itself. That was one of the few missing item (another one is about joining string) which is addressed in Java 8.

How Java achieves platform independence? Answer

Java is a platform-independent language How?

Java a programming language provides platform independence, what does it mean? It means the same Java program can be run on any platform or operating system like Windows, Linux or Solaris without any change. This is a great benefit for someone coming from a platform-dependent programming language like C or C++ whose code needs to be ported for every single platform because they use native libraries, which differ in every platform. Now the question comes how Java achieves platform independence, what makes Java programs running on every platform without any change? 

10 Difference between Struts 1.x and Struts 2.x framework in Java

What is the difference between Struts 1 and Struts 2 is one of the popular Struts interview questions from Java JEE interviews? If you have mentioned Struts in your CV then you can expect this question on the telephonic or face-to-face round of interviews. Struts 1.x was a very popular MVC framework for Java web applications in the last decade, but when Spring MVC comes it lost a lot of its sheen. Spring framework's dependency injection and inversion of control feature, along with several other template-based features makes it the de-facto framework for developing Java applications. 

When You should Not use Microservice Architecture? (Answer)

 Hello guys, recently while giving interview in one of the big US based Investment bank I was asked about, what are the scenarios when you shouldn't be using Microservices architecture? When I hear this question I was big surprised not because I didn't know the answer but because most of the people ask about using Microservice architecture and this was the first time I am hearing otherwise. To be honest, it's a good question because most of the candidate will prepare about benefirst about Microservice architecture and they may not know when it's not appropriate to use it. Since I have worked in low latency high frequency application, I knew that multiple process means more latency so clearly a Microservices is a big no if you are working on a high frequency low latency application. In those cases you want to do all your calculations inside a single thread or process without even swapping memory to avoid delay. Hence the first answer to this question was, you shouldn't be using Microservice in a low latency application. 

Difference between static and instance member variables in Java? Answer Example

Hello Java Programmers, In the last article, I had explained some key differences between static and nonstatic methods in Java, and in this part, I'll explain the difference between static and nonstatic member variables in Java. The concept of static remains the same, that doesn't change with method or member variables but there are still some subtle details, which every Java programmer should know and understand. As with static methods, a static member variable belongs to a class and a non-static member variable belongs to an instance. 

Top 10 Bash + UNIX Interview Questions and Answers

Hello guys, bash is a wonderful command line tool which can be used to automate trivial task. I have written cleanup scripts, start and stop scripts and even schedule jobs using bash and crontab command. Since bash is super useful for anyone running their application in Linux its also a key skill for developers and IT support. Because of that you will always find a couple of questions related to bash on developer interviews. In the past, I have shared Linux interview questions and today I am going to share a couple of bash interview questions which is asked to me throughout the years. If you have worked in bash shell then you can easily answer these questions but if you find it trouble, maybe it's time to revise your bash concepts. 

23 Java Static Class, Methods and Variables Interview Questions with Answers

The static keyword is one of the essential keyword in Java which represent the concept of static in programming. When you make something static, it is averse to change i.e. it is not dynamic and that is true for static variable, methods and class in Java. When you make a member variable static in Java, JVM assumes that the value of that variable will not change between instance and remain same for all objects of that class, hence it is also referred as class variable. Same is true for static methods, which is bonded during compile time because JVM assumes that their definition will not change because they are static and not virtual.

Top 20 Abstract Class and Method Interview Questions and Answers in Java

Both abstract class and abstract methods are very important concepts in core Java and every Java developer should have good understanding of what they are, when to use them and how to use them. They are also very popular on core Java job interviews as well as on Oracle Java certifications e.g. OCAJP or OCPJP. You will often find a lot of code based questions testing essential core Java concepts based upon abstract class and methods in the real exam. All good mock exam simulators e.g. Whizlabs and Enthuware contains a lot of questions testing and explaining these key concepts. In this article, I have collated some of the frequently asked questions about abstract class and abstract methods in Java. You can review these questions before going for Java interview, both telephonic and face-to-face round. They are also very useful if you are preparing for Oracle Java certification e.g. OCAJP.

Top 6 books to learn Java Virtual Machine, Garbage Collection, and Performance [UPDATED]

In the last couple of years, I have seen a trend of many Java developers wants to learn more and more about JVM internals and how Java Virtual Machine and its different component works. This trend was not so strong in the last decade, but with more and more focus on concurrency, performance, and scalability, Java developer is exploring JVM internals, Garbage collection, and Performance tuning in more detail. Unfortunately, there are not many good books to learn about JVM internals and their different components, but fortunately, we have an excellent Java Virtual Machine specification to learn fundamentals. It is also the most up-to-date reference because Java and JVM are kept changing, especially after Java 10.